Addition of 518 draft virulence ontology (VIRO) terms. Updated nomenclature for MPHs and drug resistant dihydrofolate reductases (dfr). Addition of NDM-11 and PNGM-1 beta-lactamases.įebruary 2019 release - expanded MCR, OXA & IMP beta-lactamase, and macrolide phosphotransferase (MPH) curation. gonorrhoeae AMR genesĪpril 2019 release - Updated curation for drug resistant dihydrofolate reductases (dfr), aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferases, and C. July 2019 release - addition of 480 new AMR terms updates for AACs, tet genes, beta-lactamases MCR ontological changes new terms for A. September 2019 release - additional HERA and LEN beta-lactamases confers_resistance_to changed to confers_resistance_to_drug_class, confers_resistance_to_drug changed to confers_resistance_to_antibiotic, targeted_by_drug changed to targeted_by_antibioticĪugust 2019 release - 203 additional beta-lactamases, minor ontological updates. October 2019 release - minor ontological corrections to the ARO.
October 2019 patch - additional LEN beta-lactamases, plus OXS-724 and a few nomenclature updates for beta-lactamases March 2020 release - additional New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases (NDM), Neisseria gonorrhoea resistance genes, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis rRNA mutations May 2020 release - ontological improvements for fosfomycin, mupirocin, daptomycin, and ethambutol resistance AMR in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus new tetracycline resistance genes and Cfr 23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferases. January 2021 release - updates for aminoglycoside acetyltransferases & phosphotransferases addition of new OXA, PDC, CMY beta-lactamasesĪugust 2020 release - 75 new AMR genes, primarily beta-lactamases and aminoglycoside resistance genes. July 2021 release - improved annotation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae macrolide and beta-lactam resistance mutationsĪpril 2021 release - addition of new ADC, CMY, KPC, OXA, PDC, TEM, SHV beta-lactamases and trimethoprim resistant dihydrofolate reductases Parallel classification system added to the ARO for organization of RGI results: Drug Class, Resistance Mechanism, AMR Gene FamilyĪddition of extensive ontological terms describing phenotypic testing for antimicrobial resistance Removal of redundant intermediate terms relating resistance determinant to drug class, with improved overall classification by Drug Class and Resistance Mechanism New use of the participates_in and has_part relationships in place of formerly incorrect usage of the part_of relationship for association of resistance determinants with their mechanism of action.Įxtensive addition of confers_resistance_to_drug relationships for efflux complexesĭrug and mechanism category updates for the Resistance Gene IdentifierĪddition of bitscores to detection models, curation of chloramphenicol exporter proteins, ontology changes, JSON file format changes Use of the part_of relationship now follows canonical usage and is restricted to association of sub-units with their large multi-unit protein complexesĮxtensive revisions to the antimicrobial efflux branch of the AROĮxtensive revisions to the rRNA mutations branch of the ARO Expect significant changes in the ARO between monthly releases as well as occasional incomplete revisions, which may affect downstream analyses. As such, the next two years will be a time of active development for the ARO. The Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database gratefully acknowledges recent funding from the Genome Canada & Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Bioinformatics & Computational Biology program, allowing integration of the Antibiotic Resistance Ontology (ARO) with the Genomic Epidemiology Ontology, IRIDA platform, and OBO Foundry (see Genome Canada press release).